供应链管理 - 中国大学mooc
第1章 供应链管理概述
第1章 供应链管理概述 单元测验
1、Should my supply chain focus more on cost or customer service?
A、Cost
B、Customer Service
C、Depends on Product Type
D、No Correct Answer
2、Supply chain management challenges include
A、Achieving Global Optimization
B、Managing Uncertainty
C、Affected by the Development Chain
D、More powerful well-informed customers
3、In addition to demand, are all subject to uncertainties.
A、delivery lead time
B、manufacturing yields
C、transportation times
D、component availability
4、Supply Chain Management is primarily concerned with the efficient integration of so that merchandise is produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time, and so as to minimize total system cost subject to satisfying service requirements.
A、suppliers
B、factories
C、warehouses
D、stores
5、Demand is the only source of uncertainty.
6、Intelligent pricing strategy can improve supply chain performance.
7、The shorter the time, the more accurate the forecast and the higher the match between supply and demand.
8、Supply Chain Management is concerned with the efficient management of a supply chain so as to supply chain profitability across the entire supply chain.
9、Supply chain profitability = — total cost
10、Forecasting is always .
11、forecasts are more accurate.
12、The the forecast horizon the worse the forecast.
第2章 库存控制Ⅰ
第2章 库存控制Ⅰ 单元测试
1、As we increase the production quantity, the risk——that is, the probability of large losses——always .
A、decreases
B、increases
C、not change
D、*
2、What kind of inventory strategy should we use for some materials that are not very important or do not use much
A、Continuous review policy
B、Periodic review policy
C、*
D、*
3、When demand rate is not constant, which model should we use?
A、EOQ
B、(s, S)
C、*
D、*
4、Why do we hold inventory?
A、Unexpected changes in customer demand
B、The presence in many situations of a significant uncertainty
C、Lead times
D、Economies of scale offered by transportation companies
5、Everything else being equal, service level will be higher for products with
A、High profit margin
B、High volume
C、Low variability
D、Long lead time
6、Inventory can appear in many places in the supply chain, and in several forms:
A、Raw materials
B、Work-in-process
C、Finished goods
D、Facility
7、The EOQ model assumes that the lead time is 0.
8、The optimal order quantity is equal to forecast, or average, demand.
9、Stock outs occur when demand over the lead time is larger than safety stock.
10、Stock carried to provide a level of protection against stockouts due to of demand during lead time.
第2章续 库存控制 Ⅱ
第2章续 库存控制 Ⅱ 单元测验
1、Centralizing inventory _______ both safety stock and average inventory in the system.
A、reduces
B、increases
C、*
D、*
2、Standard deviation of aggregated demand is the sum of Standard deviation of individual demands.
A、more than
B、equal to
C、less than
D、*
3、What are the trade-offs that we need to consider in comparing centralized distribution systems with decentralized distribution systems?
A、Safety stock.
B、Service level
C、Overhead costs
D、Customer lead time
4、Why have a multi-echelon distribution system?
A、Better service from regional locations
B、Transportation economies and Mixing functions
C、Risk pooling over the manufacturing or procurement lead time
D、Differentiated stocking and service policies
5、The higher the coefficient of variation, the greater the benefit obtained from centralized system.
6、The echelon inventory at the distributor is equalto the inventory at the distributor, plus the inventory in transit to and in stock at theretailer.
7、Everything else being equal, a system with a lower demand variability requires a higher safety stock and lower average inventory.
8、Centralizing inventory control reduces both safety stock and average inventory level for the same service level. This phenomenon is called .
9、In general, total safety stock and average inventory both with the number of stocking locations.
10、Coefficient of variation= / Average demand
第3章 供应链网络构造
第3章 供应链网络构造 单元测试
1、The solution technology of supply chain network that can find optimal solutions is
A、Exact algorithms
B、Heuristics
C、Simulation models
D、EOQ
2、Location problems are, in general, very difficult problems. The complexity increases with
A、the number of customers
B、the number of products
C、the number of potential locations for warehouses
D、the number of warehouses located
3、It is useful to divide the network planning process into three steps:
A、Periodic review policy
B、Network design.
C、Inventory positioning.
D、Resource allocation.
4、Warehousing and distribution center costs include:
A、Handling costs
B、Fixed costs
C、Storage costs
D、Packaging costs
5、It is important to effectively identify potential locations for new warehouses. Typically, these locations must satisfy a variety of conditions:
A、Geographical and infrastructure conditions.
B、Natural resources and labor availability.
C、Local industry and tax regulations.
D、Public interest.
6、There may be an upper bound on the distance between a distribution center and a market area served by it.
7、Optimizing supply chain performance is diffiult because of conflicting objectives, demand and supply uncertainties, and supply chain dynamics.
8、is a complex process that requires a hierarchical approach in which decisions on network design, inventory positioning and management, and resource utilization are combined to reduce cost and increase service level.
9、Inventory turnover ratio = Annual sales /
10、models: provide a mechanism to evaluate specified design alternatives created by the designer.
第4章 供应链契约模型
第4章 供应链契约模型单元测验
1、In Newsvendor Model, the optimal order quantity has nothing to do with the following factors:
A、Demand distribution
B、Marginal revenue
C、Marginal loss
D、Order quantity in the last period
2、require the supplier to monitor the buyer' s revenue and thus increase administrative cost.
A、Wholesale Price Contracts
B、Buy-Back Contracts
C、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
3、provide a direct incentive to the retailer to increase sales by means of a rebate paid by the supplier for any item sold above a certain quantity.
A、Wholesale Price Contract
B、Buy-Back Contracts
C、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
4、are contracts in which the supplier provides full refund for returned (unsold) items as long as the number of returns is no larger than a certain quantity.
A、Buy-Back Contracts
B、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
C、Quantity-Flexibility Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
5、In a typical supply contract, the buyer and supplier will agree on
A、Pricing and volume discounts.
B、Minimum and maximum purchase quantities.
C、Delivery lead times and Product return policies.
D、Product or material quality.
6、Supply contracts are very powerful tools that can be used for far more than to ensure adequate supply and demand for goods.
7、Supply contracts are very powerful tools that can be used for far more than to ensure adequate supply and demand for goods.
8、If the wholesale price of each newspaper is￥0.75, the sales price is￥1, the salvage value is￥0.6, the demand follows the Normal Distribution，the mean=500，the standard deviation=50. The optimal order quantity is .
9、In Buy-Back Contract, the seller agrees to buy back unsold goods from the buyer for some agreed-upon price than the salvage value.
10、ln a contract, the buyer shares some of its revenue with the seller, in return for a discount on the wholesale price.
第5章 信息的价值
第5章 信息的价值 单元测试
1、The causes of bullwhip effect include:
A、Demand Signal Processing
B、Order Batching
C、Price Fluctuations
D、Shortage Gaming
2、What are the methods for coping with the Bullwhip Effect?
A、Reducing uncertainty
B、Reducing variability
C、Lead-time reduction
D、Strategic partnership
3、Two contracts have been discussed in the literature and shown to provide incentives for the buyers to reveal their true forecasts. The two contracts are:
A、Buy-Back Contracts
B、Revenue-Sharing contracts
C、Capacity reservation contracts
D、Advance purchase contracts
4、Typically, operating a supply chain is viewed as a series of trade-offs both within and between the different stages，which include:
A、Lot size – inventory
B、Inventory – transportation cost
C、Lead time – transportation cost
D、Product variety – inventory and Cost – customer service
5、The more complicated the demand models the greater the increase in variability.
6、In sequential planning, each stage of the supply chain optimizes its profit and considers the impact of its decisions on other supply chain stages.
7、By carefully using the available information, the supply chain can move toward global optimization.
8、The is a phenomenon observed in supply chains where in the demand variability increases as one moves upstream from retailers to distributors to manufacturers.
9、demand information can reduce the bullwhip effect, but will not eliminate it.
10、A major challenge in supply chain management is replacing sequential planning processes with optimization.
第6章 供应链整合
第6章 供应链整合 单元测试
1、Pull systems are intuitively attractive since they lead to
A、A decrease in lead times achieved through the ability to better anticipate incoming orders from the retailers.
B、A decrease in inventory at the retailers since inventory levels at these facilities increase with lead times.
C、A decrease in variability in the system and, in particular, variability faced by manufacturers due to lead-time reduction.
D、Decreased inventory at the manufacturer due to the reduction in variability.
2、The demand-driven strategy requires integrating demand information into the supply chain planning process. This information is generated by applying two different processes:
A、Demand forecast
B、Demand shaping
C、Order quantity
D、New product development
3、What are the strategies to increase forecast accuracy?
A、Select the push-pull boundary so that demand is aggregated.
B、Use market analysis and demographic and economic trends to improve forecast accuracy
C、Determine the optimal assortment of products by store so as to reduce the number of SKUs competing in the same market.
D、Incorporate collaborative planning and forecasting processes with your customers.
4、The variability of orders received from the retailers and the warehouses is much larger than the variability in customer demand, due to the bullwhip effect. This increase in variability leads to
A、Excessive inventories due to the need for large safety stocks
B、Larger and more variable production batches
C、Unacceptable service levels
D、Product obsolescence.
5、In a push-based supply chain, production and distribution decisions are based on long-term forecasts.
6、In a pull-based supply chain, we often find increased transportation costs, high inventory levels, and/or high manufacturing costs, due to the need for emergency production changeovers.
7、In a pure pull system, the firm does not hold any inventory and only responds to specific orders.
8、In a push-pull strategy, some stages of the supply chain, typically the initial stages are operated in a push-based manner, while the remaining stages employ a pull-based strategy. The interface between the push-based stages and the pull-based stages is known as the .
9、is a collection of business models and processes motivated by Internet technology and focusing on improvement of extended enterprise performance.
10、technology is the force behind the business change.
第7章 配送策略
第7章 配送策略 单元测试
1、Which company generally uses direct shipment strategy?
A、Wal-Mart
B、Grocery
C、Home Depot
D、Costco
2、Centralized facilities imply both fewer warehouses and fewer distribution centers, and these facilities are located customers.
A、close to
B、further from
C、*
D、*
3、strategies are effective only for large distribution systems in which a large number of vehicles are delivering and picking up goods at the cross-dock facilities at any one time.
A、Direct Shipping
B、Cross-docking
C、Shipping via Warehouses
D、Third Party Logistics
4、The advantages of Direct shipment strategies are that
A、The retailer avoids the expenses of operating a distribution center
B、Lead times are reduced.
C、The manufacturer and distributor transportation costs are increased.
D、The manufacturer and distributor may send smaller trucks to more locations.
5、A centralized system leads to local optimization.
6、Depending on the details of the situation, direct shipping or distribution strategies utilizing intermediate inventory storage points such as warehouses or distribution centers might be more appropriate.
7、The level of search affects the retailer's preference for the system, but the manufacturer always prefers the decentralized system.
8、strategies exist to bypass warehouses and distribution centers.
9、In a strategy, warehouses and distribution centers serve as transfer points for inventory, but no inventory is held at these transfer points.
10、In a centralized system, decisions are made at a central location for the entire supply network. Typically, the objective is to the total cost of the system subject to satisfying some service-level requirements.
第8章 战略联盟
第8章 战略联盟 单元测试
1、In strategy, the retailer still prepares individual orders, but the POS data is used by the supplier to improve forecasting and scheduling.
A、quick response
B、continuous replenishment
C、advanced continuous replenishment
D、vendor managed inventory
2、What are the types of Strategic Partnering?
A、Quick Response
B、Continuous Replenishment
C、Vendor Managed Inventory
D、Manufacture Resource Plan
3、Requirements for effective Strategic Partnering：
A、Advanced information systems
B、Top management commitment
C、Mutual trust
D、Management of the local supply chain
4、Disadvantages of Strategic Partnering：
A、Expensive advanced technology is required
B、Supplier/retailer trust must be developed.
C、Supplier responsibility increases.
D、Expenses at the supplier often increase.
5、Strategic alliances are becoming increasingly prevalent in all walks of business, three types are particularly significant in supply chain management：
A、Third party logistics (3PL）
B、Retailer-supplier partnerships (RSP)
C、Distributor integration（DI）
D、Change Data Capture（CDC）
6、Third-party logistics provides flexibility in:
A、geography
B、workforce size
C、additional services
D、resource flexibility
7、The most obvious disadvantage of the use of 3PL providers is the loss of control inherent in outsourcing a particular function.
8、Inventory ownership issues are critical to the success of retailer-supplier partnership effort, especially one involving retailer-managed inventory.
9、If logistics is one of the core competencies of a firm, it makes no sense to out-source these activities to a supplier who may not be as capable as the firm's in-house expertise.
10、is simply the use of an outside company to perform all or part of the firm's materials management and product distribution functions.
第9章 供应链全球化
第9章 供应链全球化 测试
1、In , manufacturing still occurs domestically, but distribution and typically some marketing take place over seas.
A、International distribution systems
B、International suppliers
C、Offshore manufacturing
D、Fully integrated global supply chain
2、In , the product is typically sourced and manufactured in a single foreign location, and then shipped back to domestic warehouses for sale and distribution.
A、International distribution systems.
B、International suppliers.
C、Offshore manufacturing.
D、Fully integrated global supply chain.
3、In , the buyer agrees to pay some agreed-upon price for any unit produced by the manufacturer but not purchased by the distributor.
A、Pay-Back contract
B、Cost-Sharing contract
C、Revenue-Sharing contract
D、Quantity-flexibility contract
4、often dictate global location decisions.
A、Global market forces
B、Technological forces
C、Global cost forces
D、Political and economic forces
5、Dornier et al. identified the following forces that collectively drive the trend toward globalization:
A、Global market forces
B、Technological forces.
C、Global cost forces.
D、Political and economic forces.
6、There are some methods for managing supply chain risks and in particular strategies for managing the unknown-unknown:
A、Invest in redundancy.
B、Increase velocity in sensing and responding.
C、Create an adaptive supply chain community.
D、Use more accurate forecasting methods.
7、Bruce Kogut identified three ways a global supply chain can be employed to address global risks:
A、Speculative Strategies
B、Hedge Strategies
C、Modularization Strategies
D、Flexible Strategies
8、Using speculative strategies, a company designs the supply chain in such a way that any losses in part of the supply chain will be offset by gains in another part.
9、An supply chain is a supply chain in which all its elements share similar culture, work toward the same objectives, and benefit from financial gains.
10、Using strategies, a company bets on a single scenario, with often spectacular results if the scenario is realized, and dismal ones if it is not.
第10章 采购与外包战略
第10章 采购与外包战略 单元测验
1、Some of the motivations for outsourcing are：
A、Economies of scale.
B、Reduce capital investment.
C、Focus on core competency.
D、Increased flexibility.
2、A framework developed by Fine and Whitney, they classify the reasons for outsourcing into two major categories:
A、Dependency on capacity
B、Dependency on knowledge
C、Dependency on technology
D、Dependency on procurement
3、Outsourcing strategies increase flexibility，include several critical issues:
A、The ability to better react to changes in customer demand
B、The ability to earn more
C、The ability to gain access to new technologies and innovation
D、The ability to use the supplier's technical knowledge to accelerate product development cycle time
4、The IBM personal computer example and the Cisco example reveal two substantial risks associated with outsourcing.
A、Risk pooling.
B、Conflicting objectives.
C、Loss of competitive knowledge.
D、Reduce capital investment.
5、Kraljic argues that the firm's supply strategy should depend on two dimensions:
A、profit impact
B、procurement risk
C、supply risk
D、outsource impact
6、Many e-markets have completely modified their value proposition, the landscape has completely changed in the last few years with the introduction of several types of markets:
A、Value-added independent (public) e-markets.
B、Private e-markets
C、Consortia-based e-markets
D、Content-based e-markets
7、Suppliers, especially those with brand-name recognition, may resist selling their services through e-markets.
8、The smaller the profit margins, the more important it is to focus on reducing procurement costs.
9、Suppliers and buyers typically have different and conflicting objectives. For instance, increased is a key objective when buyers outsource the manufacturing of various components.
10、The appropriate strategy depends on the type of products the firm is purchasing and the level of risk and uncertainty involved.
第11章 物流设计
第11章 物流设计 单元测验
1、There are several key attributes that a company, or, more specifically, the systems within a company that link different modules, must possess to implement mass customization successfully. They are
A、Instantaneousness.
B、Costless.
C、Seamless.
D、Frictionless.
2、About the notion of a spectrum of supplier integration, they identify a series of steps from least to most supplier responsibility as follows:
A、None.
B、White box.
C、Grey box.
D、Black box.
3、Key characteristics of the supply chain include
A、Demand uncertainty and variability
B、Economies of scale in production and transportation
C、Lead time
D、Technology
4、The development chain provides a different set of challenges. It can be characterized by
A、Technology clockspeed
B、Demand uncertainty
C、Make/buy decisions
D、Product structure
5、Design For Logistics should consider the following aspects at the same time:
A、Economic packaging
B、Economic transportation.
C、Concurrent and parallel processing
D、Standardization
6、Swaminathan identifies several different approaches to standardization:
A、Part standardization
B、Process standardization
C、Product standardization.
D、Procurement standardization
7、Transportation and inventory costs are often critical supply chain cost drivers, particularly when inventory levels must be kept fairly high to ensure high service levels.
8、A modular product is a manufacturing process consisting of discrete operations, so that inventory can be stored in partially manufactured form between operations.
9、The , which focuses on the flow of physical products from suppliers through manufacturing and distribution all the way to retail outlets and customers.
10、The , which focuses on new product introduction and involves product architecture, make/buy decisions, earlier supplier involvement, strategic partnering, supplier footprint, and supply contracts.
第12章 收益管理与智能定价
第12章 收益管理与智能定价 单元测验
1、A number of characteristics are common to the applications of revenue management. These include
A、The existence of perishable products
B、Fluctuating demand.
C、Fixed capacity of the system.
D、Products sold in advance.
2、When revenue management was introduced, it was designed so that it could be used with these relatively inflexible systems. For this to be possible, revenue management at airlines has two key steps:
A、Excess inventory
B、Testing capability
C、Market segmentation.
D、Booking control.
3、In his seminal book, Pricing and Revenue Optimization, Robert Philips identifies several strategies for charging different prices for the same or similar products
A、Group pricing.
B、Channel pricing.
C、Regional pricing.
D、Time-based differentiation.
4、The key challenge when considering dynamic pricing strategies is to identify conditions under which this strategy provides significant profit benefit over (the best) ed-price strategy:
A、Available capacity
B、Demand variability
C、Seasonality in demand pattern
D、Length of the planning horizon
5、The techniques and methods of smart pricing are easier to implement mainly because
A、Lower cost of information search
B、Availability of information
C、Easier market segmentation
D、Pricing strategies can be modified and tested using the Internet
6、The concept of markdowns, or sales, is therefore to sell the product to customers whose reservation prices were below the original price, but above the sale price.
7、Similarly, for products that typically have seasonal demand, it may make sense in terms of efficient supply chain operation to decrease prices in periods when demand is typically high.
8、management has been described as "selling the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time, and for the right price".
9、If these different customers are charged different prices, then perhaps revenue can be increased. This practice of charging different prices to different sets of customers is known as .
10、Each of these customers has a maximum price that he or she is willing to pay for the product-this is known as the price.
第1章 供应链管理概述 单元测验
1、Should my supply chain focus more on cost or customer service?
A、Cost
B、Customer Service
C、Depends on Product Type
D、No Correct Answer
2、Supply chain management challenges include
A、Achieving Global Optimization
B、Managing Uncertainty
C、Affected by the Development Chain
D、More powerful well-informed customers
3、In addition to demand, are all subject to uncertainties.
A、delivery lead time
B、manufacturing yields
C、transportation times
D、component availability
4、Supply Chain Management is primarily concerned with the efficient integration of so that merchandise is produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time, and so as to minimize total system cost subject to satisfying service requirements.
A、suppliers
B、factories
C、warehouses
D、stores
5、Demand is the only source of uncertainty.
6、Intelligent pricing strategy can improve supply chain performance.
7、The shorter the time, the more accurate the forecast and the higher the match between supply and demand.
8、Supply Chain Management is concerned with the efficient management of a supply chain so as to supply chain profitability across the entire supply chain.
9、Supply chain profitability = — total cost
10、Forecasting is always .
11、forecasts are more accurate.
12、The the forecast horizon the worse the forecast.
第2章 库存控制Ⅰ
第2章 库存控制Ⅰ 单元测试
1、As we increase the production quantity, the risk——that is, the probability of large losses——always .
A、decreases
B、increases
C、not change
D、*
2、What kind of inventory strategy should we use for some materials that are not very important or do not use much
A、Continuous review policy
B、Periodic review policy
C、*
D、*
3、When demand rate is not constant, which model should we use?
A、EOQ
B、(s, S)
C、*
D、*
4、Why do we hold inventory?
A、Unexpected changes in customer demand
B、The presence in many situations of a significant uncertainty
C、Lead times
D、Economies of scale offered by transportation companies
5、Everything else being equal, service level will be higher for products with
A、High profit margin
B、High volume
C、Low variability
D、Long lead time
6、Inventory can appear in many places in the supply chain, and in several forms:
A、Raw materials
B、Work-in-process
C、Finished goods
D、Facility
7、The EOQ model assumes that the lead time is 0.
8、The optimal order quantity is equal to forecast, or average, demand.
9、Stock outs occur when demand over the lead time is larger than safety stock.
10、Stock carried to provide a level of protection against stockouts due to of demand during lead time.
第2章续 库存控制 Ⅱ
第2章续 库存控制 Ⅱ 单元测验
1、Centralizing inventory _______ both safety stock and average inventory in the system.
A、reduces
B、increases
C、*
D、*
2、Standard deviation of aggregated demand is the sum of Standard deviation of individual demands.
A、more than
B、equal to
C、less than
D、*
3、What are the trade-offs that we need to consider in comparing centralized distribution systems with decentralized distribution systems?
A、Safety stock.
B、Service level
C、Overhead costs
D、Customer lead time
4、Why have a multi-echelon distribution system?
A、Better service from regional locations
B、Transportation economies and Mixing functions
C、Risk pooling over the manufacturing or procurement lead time
D、Differentiated stocking and service policies
5、The higher the coefficient of variation, the greater the benefit obtained from centralized system.
6、The echelon inventory at the distributor is equalto the inventory at the distributor, plus the inventory in transit to and in stock at theretailer.
7、Everything else being equal, a system with a lower demand variability requires a higher safety stock and lower average inventory.
8、Centralizing inventory control reduces both safety stock and average inventory level for the same service level. This phenomenon is called .
9、In general, total safety stock and average inventory both with the number of stocking locations.
10、Coefficient of variation= / Average demand
第3章 供应链网络构造
第3章 供应链网络构造 单元测试
1、The solution technology of supply chain network that can find optimal solutions is
A、Exact algorithms
B、Heuristics
C、Simulation models
D、EOQ
2、Location problems are, in general, very difficult problems. The complexity increases with
A、the number of customers
B、the number of products
C、the number of potential locations for warehouses
D、the number of warehouses located
3、It is useful to divide the network planning process into three steps:
A、Periodic review policy
B、Network design.
C、Inventory positioning.
D、Resource allocation.
4、Warehousing and distribution center costs include:
A、Handling costs
B、Fixed costs
C、Storage costs
D、Packaging costs
5、It is important to effectively identify potential locations for new warehouses. Typically, these locations must satisfy a variety of conditions:
A、Geographical and infrastructure conditions.
B、Natural resources and labor availability.
C、Local industry and tax regulations.
D、Public interest.
6、There may be an upper bound on the distance between a distribution center and a market area served by it.
7、Optimizing supply chain performance is diffiult because of conflicting objectives, demand and supply uncertainties, and supply chain dynamics.
8、is a complex process that requires a hierarchical approach in which decisions on network design, inventory positioning and management, and resource utilization are combined to reduce cost and increase service level.
9、Inventory turnover ratio = Annual sales /
10、models: provide a mechanism to evaluate specified design alternatives created by the designer.
第4章 供应链契约模型
第4章 供应链契约模型单元测验
1、In Newsvendor Model, the optimal order quantity has nothing to do with the following factors:
A、Demand distribution
B、Marginal revenue
C、Marginal loss
D、Order quantity in the last period
2、require the supplier to monitor the buyer' s revenue and thus increase administrative cost.
A、Wholesale Price Contracts
B、Buy-Back Contracts
C、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
3、provide a direct incentive to the retailer to increase sales by means of a rebate paid by the supplier for any item sold above a certain quantity.
A、Wholesale Price Contract
B、Buy-Back Contracts
C、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
4、are contracts in which the supplier provides full refund for returned (unsold) items as long as the number of returns is no larger than a certain quantity.
A、Buy-Back Contracts
B、Revenue-Sharing Contracts
C、Quantity-Flexibility Contracts
D、Sales Rebate Contracts
5、In a typical supply contract, the buyer and supplier will agree on
A、Pricing and volume discounts.
B、Minimum and maximum purchase quantities.
C、Delivery lead times and Product return policies.
D、Product or material quality.
6、Supply contracts are very powerful tools that can be used for far more than to ensure adequate supply and demand for goods.
7、Supply contracts are very powerful tools that can be used for far more than to ensure adequate supply and demand for goods.
8、If the wholesale price of each newspaper is￥0.75, the sales price is￥1, the salvage value is￥0.6, the demand follows the Normal Distribution，the mean=500，the standard deviation=50. The optimal order quantity is .
9、In Buy-Back Contract, the seller agrees to buy back unsold goods from the buyer for some agreed-upon price than the salvage value.
10、ln a contract, the buyer shares some of its revenue with the seller, in return for a discount on the wholesale price.
第5章 信息的价值
第5章 信息的价值 单元测试
1、The causes of bullwhip effect include:
A、Demand Signal Processing
B、Order Batching
C、Price Fluctuations
D、Shortage Gaming
2、What are the methods for coping with the Bullwhip Effect?
A、Reducing uncertainty
B、Reducing variability
C、Lead-time reduction
D、Strategic partnership
3、Two contracts have been discussed in the literature and shown to provide incentives for the buyers to reveal their true forecasts. The two contracts are:
A、Buy-Back Contracts
B、Revenue-Sharing contracts
C、Capacity reservation contracts
D、Advance purchase contracts
4、Typically, operating a supply chain is viewed as a series of trade-offs both within and between the different stages，which include:
A、Lot size – inventory
B、Inventory – transportation cost
C、Lead time – transportation cost
D、Product variety – inventory and Cost – customer service
5、The more complicated the demand models the greater the increase in variability.
6、In sequential planning, each stage of the supply chain optimizes its profit and considers the impact of its decisions on other supply chain stages.
7、By carefully using the available information, the supply chain can move toward global optimization.
8、The is a phenomenon observed in supply chains where in the demand variability increases as one moves upstream from retailers to distributors to manufacturers.
9、demand information can reduce the bullwhip effect, but will not eliminate it.
10、A major challenge in supply chain management is replacing sequential planning processes with optimization.
第6章 供应链整合
第6章 供应链整合 单元测试
1、Pull systems are intuitively attractive since they lead to
A、A decrease in lead times achieved through the ability to better anticipate incoming orders from the retailers.
B、A decrease in inventory at the retailers since inventory levels at these facilities increase with lead times.
C、A decrease in variability in the system and, in particular, variability faced by manufacturers due to lead-time reduction.
D、Decreased inventory at the manufacturer due to the reduction in variability.
2、The demand-driven strategy requires integrating demand information into the supply chain planning process. This information is generated by applying two different processes:
A、Demand forecast
B、Demand shaping
C、Order quantity
D、New product development
3、What are the strategies to increase forecast accuracy?
A、Select the push-pull boundary so that demand is aggregated.
B、Use market analysis and demographic and economic trends to improve forecast accuracy
C、Determine the optimal assortment of products by store so as to reduce the number of SKUs competing in the same market.
D、Incorporate collaborative planning and forecasting processes with your customers.
4、The variability of orders received from the retailers and the warehouses is much larger than the variability in customer demand, due to the bullwhip effect. This increase in variability leads to
A、Excessive inventories due to the need for large safety stocks
B、Larger and more variable production batches
C、Unacceptable service levels
D、Product obsolescence.
5、In a push-based supply chain, production and distribution decisions are based on long-term forecasts.
6、In a pull-based supply chain, we often find increased transportation costs, high inventory levels, and/or high manufacturing costs, due to the need for emergency production changeovers.
7、In a pure pull system, the firm does not hold any inventory and only responds to specific orders.
8、In a push-pull strategy, some stages of the supply chain, typically the initial stages are operated in a push-based manner, while the remaining stages employ a pull-based strategy. The interface between the push-based stages and the pull-based stages is known as the .
9、is a collection of business models and processes motivated by Internet technology and focusing on improvement of extended enterprise performance.
10、technology is the force behind the business change.
第7章 配送策略
第7章 配送策略 单元测试
1、Which company generally uses direct shipment strategy?
A、Wal-Mart
B、Grocery
C、Home Depot
D、Costco
2、Centralized facilities imply both fewer warehouses and fewer distribution centers, and these facilities are located customers.
A、close to
B、further from
C、*
D、*
3、strategies are effective only for large distribution systems in which a large number of vehicles are delivering and picking up goods at the cross-dock facilities at any one time.
A、Direct Shipping
B、Cross-docking
C、Shipping via Warehouses
D、Third Party Logistics
4、The advantages of Direct shipment strategies are that
A、The retailer avoids the expenses of operating a distribution center
B、Lead times are reduced.
C、The manufacturer and distributor transportation costs are increased.
D、The manufacturer and distributor may send smaller trucks to more locations.
5、A centralized system leads to local optimization.
6、Depending on the details of the situation, direct shipping or distribution strategies utilizing intermediate inventory storage points such as warehouses or distribution centers might be more appropriate.
7、The level of search affects the retailer's preference for the system, but the manufacturer always prefers the decentralized system.
8、strategies exist to bypass warehouses and distribution centers.
9、In a strategy, warehouses and distribution centers serve as transfer points for inventory, but no inventory is held at these transfer points.
10、In a centralized system, decisions are made at a central location for the entire supply network. Typically, the objective is to the total cost of the system subject to satisfying some service-level requirements.
第8章 战略联盟
第8章 战略联盟 单元测试
1、In strategy, the retailer still prepares individual orders, but the POS data is used by the supplier to improve forecasting and scheduling.
A、quick response
B、continuous replenishment
C、advanced continuous replenishment
D、vendor managed inventory
2、What are the types of Strategic Partnering?
A、Quick Response
B、Continuous Replenishment
C、Vendor Managed Inventory
D、Manufacture Resource Plan
3、Requirements for effective Strategic Partnering：
A、Advanced information systems
B、Top management commitment
C、Mutual trust
D、Management of the local supply chain
4、Disadvantages of Strategic Partnering：
A、Expensive advanced technology is required
B、Supplier/retailer trust must be developed.
C、Supplier responsibility increases.
D、Expenses at the supplier often increase.
5、Strategic alliances are becoming increasingly prevalent in all walks of business, three types are particularly significant in supply chain management：
A、Third party logistics (3PL）
B、Retailer-supplier partnerships (RSP)
C、Distributor integration（DI）
D、Change Data Capture（CDC）
6、Third-party logistics provides flexibility in:
A、geography
B、workforce size
C、additional services
D、resource flexibility
7、The most obvious disadvantage of the use of 3PL providers is the loss of control inherent in outsourcing a particular function.
8、Inventory ownership issues are critical to the success of retailer-supplier partnership effort, especially one involving retailer-managed inventory.
9、If logistics is one of the core competencies of a firm, it makes no sense to out-source these activities to a supplier who may not be as capable as the firm's in-house expertise.
10、is simply the use of an outside company to perform all or part of the firm's materials management and product distribution functions.
第9章 供应链全球化
第9章 供应链全球化 测试
1、In , manufacturing still occurs domestically, but distribution and typically some marketing take place over seas.
A、International distribution systems
B、International suppliers
C、Offshore manufacturing
D、Fully integrated global supply chain
2、In , the product is typically sourced and manufactured in a single foreign location, and then shipped back to domestic warehouses for sale and distribution.
A、International distribution systems.
B、International suppliers.
C、Offshore manufacturing.
D、Fully integrated global supply chain.
3、In , the buyer agrees to pay some agreed-upon price for any unit produced by the manufacturer but not purchased by the distributor.
A、Pay-Back contract
B、Cost-Sharing contract
C、Revenue-Sharing contract
D、Quantity-flexibility contract
4、often dictate global location decisions.
A、Global market forces
B、Technological forces
C、Global cost forces
D、Political and economic forces
5、Dornier et al. identified the following forces that collectively drive the trend toward globalization:
A、Global market forces
B、Technological forces.
C、Global cost forces.
D、Political and economic forces.
6、There are some methods for managing supply chain risks and in particular strategies for managing the unknown-unknown:
A、Invest in redundancy.
B、Increase velocity in sensing and responding.
C、Create an adaptive supply chain community.
D、Use more accurate forecasting methods.
7、Bruce Kogut identified three ways a global supply chain can be employed to address global risks:
A、Speculative Strategies
B、Hedge Strategies
C、Modularization Strategies
D、Flexible Strategies
8、Using speculative strategies, a company designs the supply chain in such a way that any losses in part of the supply chain will be offset by gains in another part.
9、An supply chain is a supply chain in which all its elements share similar culture, work toward the same objectives, and benefit from financial gains.
10、Using strategies, a company bets on a single scenario, with often spectacular results if the scenario is realized, and dismal ones if it is not.
第10章 采购与外包战略
第10章 采购与外包战略 单元测验
1、Some of the motivations for outsourcing are：
A、Economies of scale.
B、Reduce capital investment.
C、Focus on core competency.
D、Increased flexibility.
2、A framework developed by Fine and Whitney, they classify the reasons for outsourcing into two major categories:
A、Dependency on capacity
B、Dependency on knowledge
C、Dependency on technology
D、Dependency on procurement
3、Outsourcing strategies increase flexibility，include several critical issues:
A、The ability to better react to changes in customer demand
B、The ability to earn more
C、The ability to gain access to new technologies and innovation
D、The ability to use the supplier's technical knowledge to accelerate product development cycle time
4、The IBM personal computer example and the Cisco example reveal two substantial risks associated with outsourcing.
A、Risk pooling.
B、Conflicting objectives.
C、Loss of competitive knowledge.
D、Reduce capital investment.
5、Kraljic argues that the firm's supply strategy should depend on two dimensions:
A、profit impact
B、procurement risk
C、supply risk
D、outsource impact
6、Many e-markets have completely modified their value proposition, the landscape has completely changed in the last few years with the introduction of several types of markets:
A、Value-added independent (public) e-markets.
B、Private e-markets
C、Consortia-based e-markets
D、Content-based e-markets
7、Suppliers, especially those with brand-name recognition, may resist selling their services through e-markets.
8、The smaller the profit margins, the more important it is to focus on reducing procurement costs.
9、Suppliers and buyers typically have different and conflicting objectives. For instance, increased is a key objective when buyers outsource the manufacturing of various components.
10、The appropriate strategy depends on the type of products the firm is purchasing and the level of risk and uncertainty involved.
第11章 物流设计
第11章 物流设计 单元测验
1、There are several key attributes that a company, or, more specifically, the systems within a company that link different modules, must possess to implement mass customization successfully. They are
A、Instantaneousness.
B、Costless.
C、Seamless.
D、Frictionless.
2、About the notion of a spectrum of supplier integration, they identify a series of steps from least to most supplier responsibility as follows:
A、None.
B、White box.
C、Grey box.
D、Black box.
3、Key characteristics of the supply chain include
A、Demand uncertainty and variability
B、Economies of scale in production and transportation
C、Lead time
D、Technology
4、The development chain provides a different set of challenges. It can be characterized by
A、Technology clockspeed
B、Demand uncertainty
C、Make/buy decisions
D、Product structure
5、Design For Logistics should consider the following aspects at the same time:
A、Economic packaging
B、Economic transportation.
C、Concurrent and parallel processing
D、Standardization
6、Swaminathan identifies several different approaches to standardization:
A、Part standardization
B、Process standardization
C、Product standardization.
D、Procurement standardization
7、Transportation and inventory costs are often critical supply chain cost drivers, particularly when inventory levels must be kept fairly high to ensure high service levels.
8、A modular product is a manufacturing process consisting of discrete operations, so that inventory can be stored in partially manufactured form between operations.
9、The , which focuses on the flow of physical products from suppliers through manufacturing and distribution all the way to retail outlets and customers.
10、The , which focuses on new product introduction and involves product architecture, make/buy decisions, earlier supplier involvement, strategic partnering, supplier footprint, and supply contracts.
第12章 收益管理与智能定价
第12章 收益管理与智能定价 单元测验
1、A number of characteristics are common to the applications of revenue management. These include
A、The existence of perishable products
B、Fluctuating demand.
C、Fixed capacity of the system.
D、Products sold in advance.
2、When revenue management was introduced, it was designed so that it could be used with these relatively inflexible systems. For this to be possible, revenue management at airlines has two key steps:
A、Excess inventory
B、Testing capability
C、Market segmentation.
D、Booking control.
3、In his seminal book, Pricing and Revenue Optimization, Robert Philips identifies several strategies for charging different prices for the same or similar products
A、Group pricing.
B、Channel pricing.
C、Regional pricing.
D、Time-based differentiation.
4、The key challenge when considering dynamic pricing strategies is to identify conditions under which this strategy provides significant profit benefit over (the best) ed-price strategy:
A、Available capacity
B、Demand variability
C、Seasonality in demand pattern
D、Length of the planning horizon
5、The techniques and methods of smart pricing are easier to implement mainly because
A、Lower cost of information search
B、Availability of information
C、Easier market segmentation
D、Pricing strategies can be modified and tested using the Internet
6、The concept of markdowns, or sales, is therefore to sell the product to customers whose reservation prices were below the original price, but above the sale price.
7、Similarly, for products that typically have seasonal demand, it may make sense in terms of efficient supply chain operation to decrease prices in periods when demand is typically high.
8、management has been described as "selling the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time, and for the right price".
9、If these different customers are charged different prices, then perhaps revenue can be increased. This practice of charging different prices to different sets of customers is known as .
10、Each of these customers has a maximum price that he or she is willing to pay for the product-this is known as the price.