Functional Experiments - 中国大学mooc
The role of imbalance of intra- and extravascular fluid exchange in the development of edema. (Experiment Demonstration)
Quizzes
1、Edema is
A、Excessive intracellular fluid
B、Excess extracellular fluid
C、Excessive fluid in tissue spaces or body cavity
D、Excessive intravascular fluid
2、Among the following statements of pathogenesis of imbalance of internal and external vascular fluid exchange, which one is incorrect?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Decreased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
3、The common cause of reduced colloid osmotic pressure in plasma is
A、Cirrhosis
B、Severe malnutrition
C、Nephrotic syndrome
D、Above all
4、Among the mechanisms of the imbalance of fluid exchange, Vivo-sodium and water retention, which is incorrect?
A、GFR decreases
B、Decreases in atrial natriuretic peptide secretion
C、A low level of glomerular filtration fraction
D、Increased aldosterone secretion
5、Which of the following alterations can appear after ligating the torso?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Replication of hypoxia mouse models
Quizzes
1、What are the characteristics of blood oxygen in hypotonic hypoxia?
A、PaO2 decreases
B、PaO2 increases
C、SaO2 decreases
D、CaO2 increases
2、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
3、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
4、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
5、The body's major compensatory response in acute hypotonic hypoxia is
A、Heart rate increases
B、Myocardial contractility increases
C、Alveolar ventilation increase
D、Red cell and Hb increase
Demonstration of hemorrhagic shock in rabbits
Quizzes
1、In the progressive stage of shock, the microcirculation was mainly presented
A、microcirculation ischemia
B、microcirculation Congestion
C、microcirculation Blood coagulation
D、microcirculation Failure
2、The main mechanism of early shock induced microcirculatory ischemia is
A、Hypersecretion of Angiotensinogen II
B、TXA2 is increase
C、Hypersecretion of catecholamine
D、Hypersecretion of ADH
3、Which is the general anesthetic used in this experiment
A、1%Procaine
B、20%Uratan
C、20%Pentobarbital sodium
D、1%Heparin
4、Which of the following is the indication for stopping arterial bleeding in this experiment
A、the blood flow become granule flow or subcritical flow
B、Amount of bleeding up to 30ml
C、BP's dropping
D、No blood flow at all
5、During neck surgery，the first intubation is
A、Vein Intubation
B、Artery Intubation
C、Trachea Incubation
D、Urethral
Acute Heart Failure inToad
Quizzes
1、Which of the following statements is the most consistent with the definition of heart failure?
A、Stroke volume is decreased
B、The volume of venous return is greater than that of cardiac output
C、Cardiac output cannot meet body’s requirement for metabolism
D、Heart dysfunction results in congestion in pulmonary and systemic circulation
2、Which of the following alteration cannot appear in acute heart failure?
A、Increased heart rate
B、Decreased blood pressure
C、Pale skin
D、Myocardial hypertrophy
3、Aortic regurgitation results in ?
A、Volume overload of the left ventricle
B、Volume overload of the right ventricle
C、Pressure overload of the right ventricle
D、Pressure overload of the left ventricle
4、Aortic stenosis leads to of left ventricular?
A、Pressure overload
B、Volume overload
C、Chamber dilation
D、Evident increase of myocardial cellular length
5、The Frank-Starling law of the heart concerns the relationship between .
A、Stroke volume and arterial resistance
B、The length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction
C、The rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume
D、Systolic rate and cardiac output
Final Test
Final Test
1、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of medium molecular dextran?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
2、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of histamine?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
3、Which of the following space cardiac edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
4、Which of the following space hepatic edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
5、Which of the following space renal edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
6、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
7、About of hypoxia tolerance, which of the following is right?
A、Urethane group < Coramine group < Normal saline group
B、Coramine group < Normal saline group < Urethane group
C、Urethane group< Normal saline group < Coramine group
D、Normal saline group < Coramine group < Urethane group
8、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
9、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
10、About Nitrite poisoning, which of the following is false?
A、The oxygen capacity of blood decreases
B、O2 combined by Hb is difficult to release
C、High affinity of Hb for O2
D、The skin and mucosa are brown
11、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Ischemic Hypoxia Stage？
A、precapillary resistance more than postcapillary resistance
B、Arteriovenous shunts opening
C、Many true capillary opening
D、perfusion output less than flow output
12、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Stagnant Hypoxia Stage？
A、vasomotor response to catecholamines increased
B、locally produced vasodilator substances increased
C、precapillary resistance less than postcapillary resistance
D、inflow more than outflow of the Microcirculation
13、What is the essentials of shock？
A、blood pressure decrease
B、Vasodilation
C、blood volume decrease
D、serious hypoperfusion in microcirculation of tissue and organs
14、Which of the following results is wrong in the rabbit hemorrhagic shock experiment？
A、Increased diastolic pressure
B、Pulse is thread
C、Increased CVP
D、Decreased pulse pressure
15、Which one is not the effective rescue measure of hemorrhagic shock？
A、Stop the bleeding
B、Blood transfusion and infusion
C、Use of vasoactive drugs
D、Correction of alkalosis
16、The main mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling dysfunction is
A、Decreased Na+ influx
B、Decreased Cl- influx
C、Decreased H+ outflow
D、Decreased K+ outflow
E、Depressed Ca2+ influx
17、Which of the following statements about compensation during cardiac insufficiency is correct?
A、Increased heart rate is an important compensation in chronic heart failure
B、When heart rate reaches 180/min, patient’s cardiac output can be increased effectively
C、Following the VEDP increase within a certain range, myocardial contractility increases
D、Myocardial contractility increases with the development of myocardial hypertrophy
E、Increased blood volume is an important compensation in acute heart failure
18、Individuals with only left heart failure would exhibit which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Hepatomegaly
B、Dyspnea
C、Ankle swelling
D、Pulmonary edema
E、Peripheral edema
19、The mechanism for acidosis causing dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling includes . (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、H+ competes with Ca2+ for binding with troponin
B、H+ combines with actin
C、Release of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced
D、Ca2+ influx is decreased
E、ATPase activity of myosin is increased
20、The dyspnea caused by left heart failure may present as .(More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Expiratory dyspnea
B、Orthopnea
C、Inspiratory dyspnea
D、Exertional dyspnea
E、Paroxysmal dyspnea
Final Test
Final Test
1、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of medium molecular dextran?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
2、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of histamine?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
3、Which of the following space cardiac edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
4、Which of the following space hepatic edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
5、Which of the following space renal edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
6、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
7、About of hypoxia tolerance, which of the following is right?
A、Urethane group < Coramine group < Normal saline group
B、Coramine group < Normal saline group < Urethane group
C、Urethane group< Normal saline group < Coramine group
D、Normal saline group < Coramine group < Urethane group
8、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
9、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
10、About Nitrite poisoning, which of the following is false?
A、The oxygen capacity of blood decreases
B、O2 combined by Hb is difficult to release
C、High affinity of Hb for O2
D、The skin and mucosa are brown
11、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Ischemic Hypoxia Stage？
A、precapillary resistance more than postcapillary resistance
B、Arteriovenous shunts opening
C、Many true capillary opening
D、perfusion output less than flow output
12、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Stagnant Hypoxia Stage？
A、vasomotor response to catecholamines increased
B、locally produced vasodilator substances increased
C、precapillary resistance less than postcapillary resistance
D、inflow more than outflow of the Microcirculation
13、What is the essentials of shock？
A、blood pressure decrease
B、Vasodilation
C、blood volume decrease
D、serious hypoperfusion in microcirculation of tissue and organs
14、Which of the following results is wrong in the rabbit hemorrhagic shock experiment？
A、Increased diastolic pressure
B、Pulse is thread
C、Increased CVP
D、Decreased pulse pressure
15、Which one is not the effective rescue measure of hemorrhagic shock？
A、Stop the bleeding
B、Blood transfusion and infusion
C、Use of vasoactive drugs
D、Correction of alkalosis
16、The main mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling dysfunction is
A、Decreased Na+ influx
B、Decreased Cl- influx
C、Decreased H+ outflow
D、Decreased K+ outflow
E、Depressed Ca2+ influx
17、Which of the following statements about compensation during cardiac insufficiency is correct?
A、Increased heart rate is an important compensation in chronic heart failure
B、When heart rate reaches 180/min, patient’s cardiac output can be increased effectively
C、Following the VEDP increase within a certain range, myocardial contractility increases
D、Myocardial contractility increases with the development of myocardial hypertrophy
E、Increased blood volume is an important compensation in acute heart failure
18、Individuals with only left heart failure would exhibit which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Hepatomegaly
B、Dyspnea
C、Ankle swelling
D、Pulmonary edema
E、Peripheral edema
19、The mechanism for acidosis causing dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling includes . (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、H+ competes with Ca2+ for binding with troponin
B、H+ combines with actin
C、Release of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced
D、Ca2+ influx is decreased
E、ATPase activity of myosin is increased
20、The dyspnea caused by left heart failure may present as .(More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Expiratory dyspnea
B、Orthopnea
C、Inspiratory dyspnea
D、Exertional dyspnea
E、Paroxysmal dyspnea
Quizzes
1、Edema is
A、Excessive intracellular fluid
B、Excess extracellular fluid
C、Excessive fluid in tissue spaces or body cavity
D、Excessive intravascular fluid
2、Among the following statements of pathogenesis of imbalance of internal and external vascular fluid exchange, which one is incorrect?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Decreased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
3、The common cause of reduced colloid osmotic pressure in plasma is
A、Cirrhosis
B、Severe malnutrition
C、Nephrotic syndrome
D、Above all
4、Among the mechanisms of the imbalance of fluid exchange, Vivo-sodium and water retention, which is incorrect?
A、GFR decreases
B、Decreases in atrial natriuretic peptide secretion
C、A low level of glomerular filtration fraction
D、Increased aldosterone secretion
5、Which of the following alterations can appear after ligating the torso?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Replication of hypoxia mouse models
Quizzes
1、What are the characteristics of blood oxygen in hypotonic hypoxia?
A、PaO2 decreases
B、PaO2 increases
C、SaO2 decreases
D、CaO2 increases
2、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
3、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
4、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
5、The body's major compensatory response in acute hypotonic hypoxia is
A、Heart rate increases
B、Myocardial contractility increases
C、Alveolar ventilation increase
D、Red cell and Hb increase
Demonstration of hemorrhagic shock in rabbits
Quizzes
1、In the progressive stage of shock, the microcirculation was mainly presented
A、microcirculation ischemia
B、microcirculation Congestion
C、microcirculation Blood coagulation
D、microcirculation Failure
2、The main mechanism of early shock induced microcirculatory ischemia is
A、Hypersecretion of Angiotensinogen II
B、TXA2 is increase
C、Hypersecretion of catecholamine
D、Hypersecretion of ADH
3、Which is the general anesthetic used in this experiment
A、1%Procaine
B、20%Uratan
C、20%Pentobarbital sodium
D、1%Heparin
4、Which of the following is the indication for stopping arterial bleeding in this experiment
A、the blood flow become granule flow or subcritical flow
B、Amount of bleeding up to 30ml
C、BP's dropping
D、No blood flow at all
5、During neck surgery，the first intubation is
A、Vein Intubation
B、Artery Intubation
C、Trachea Incubation
D、Urethral
Acute Heart Failure inToad
Quizzes
1、Which of the following statements is the most consistent with the definition of heart failure?
A、Stroke volume is decreased
B、The volume of venous return is greater than that of cardiac output
C、Cardiac output cannot meet body’s requirement for metabolism
D、Heart dysfunction results in congestion in pulmonary and systemic circulation
2、Which of the following alteration cannot appear in acute heart failure?
A、Increased heart rate
B、Decreased blood pressure
C、Pale skin
D、Myocardial hypertrophy
3、Aortic regurgitation results in ?
A、Volume overload of the left ventricle
B、Volume overload of the right ventricle
C、Pressure overload of the right ventricle
D、Pressure overload of the left ventricle
4、Aortic stenosis leads to of left ventricular?
A、Pressure overload
B、Volume overload
C、Chamber dilation
D、Evident increase of myocardial cellular length
5、The Frank-Starling law of the heart concerns the relationship between .
A、Stroke volume and arterial resistance
B、The length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction
C、The rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume
D、Systolic rate and cardiac output
Final Test
Final Test
1、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of medium molecular dextran?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
2、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of histamine?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
3、Which of the following space cardiac edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
4、Which of the following space hepatic edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
5、Which of the following space renal edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
6、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
7、About of hypoxia tolerance, which of the following is right?
A、Urethane group < Coramine group < Normal saline group
B、Coramine group < Normal saline group < Urethane group
C、Urethane group< Normal saline group < Coramine group
D、Normal saline group < Coramine group < Urethane group
8、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
9、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
10、About Nitrite poisoning, which of the following is false?
A、The oxygen capacity of blood decreases
B、O2 combined by Hb is difficult to release
C、High affinity of Hb for O2
D、The skin and mucosa are brown
11、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Ischemic Hypoxia Stage？
A、precapillary resistance more than postcapillary resistance
B、Arteriovenous shunts opening
C、Many true capillary opening
D、perfusion output less than flow output
12、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Stagnant Hypoxia Stage？
A、vasomotor response to catecholamines increased
B、locally produced vasodilator substances increased
C、precapillary resistance less than postcapillary resistance
D、inflow more than outflow of the Microcirculation
13、What is the essentials of shock？
A、blood pressure decrease
B、Vasodilation
C、blood volume decrease
D、serious hypoperfusion in microcirculation of tissue and organs
14、Which of the following results is wrong in the rabbit hemorrhagic shock experiment？
A、Increased diastolic pressure
B、Pulse is thread
C、Increased CVP
D、Decreased pulse pressure
15、Which one is not the effective rescue measure of hemorrhagic shock？
A、Stop the bleeding
B、Blood transfusion and infusion
C、Use of vasoactive drugs
D、Correction of alkalosis
16、The main mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling dysfunction is
A、Decreased Na+ influx
B、Decreased Cl- influx
C、Decreased H+ outflow
D、Decreased K+ outflow
E、Depressed Ca2+ influx
17、Which of the following statements about compensation during cardiac insufficiency is correct?
A、Increased heart rate is an important compensation in chronic heart failure
B、When heart rate reaches 180/min, patient’s cardiac output can be increased effectively
C、Following the VEDP increase within a certain range, myocardial contractility increases
D、Myocardial contractility increases with the development of myocardial hypertrophy
E、Increased blood volume is an important compensation in acute heart failure
18、Individuals with only left heart failure would exhibit which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Hepatomegaly
B、Dyspnea
C、Ankle swelling
D、Pulmonary edema
E、Peripheral edema
19、The mechanism for acidosis causing dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling includes . (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、H+ competes with Ca2+ for binding with troponin
B、H+ combines with actin
C、Release of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced
D、Ca2+ influx is decreased
E、ATPase activity of myosin is increased
20、The dyspnea caused by left heart failure may present as .(More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Expiratory dyspnea
B、Orthopnea
C、Inspiratory dyspnea
D、Exertional dyspnea
E、Paroxysmal dyspnea
Final Test
Final Test
1、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of medium molecular dextran?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
2、Which of the following alteration result from perfusion the solution of histamine?
A、Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B、Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C、Increased microvascular permeability
D、Increased colloid osmotic pressure in plasma
E、Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
3、Which of the following space cardiac edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
4、Which of the following space hepatic edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
5、Which of the following space renal edema occur frequently?
A、Facial tissue
B、Abdominal cavity
C、Lower limbs
D、Thoracic cavity
6、About cyanosis, which of the following is false?
A、Hypoxia may not cause cyanosis
B、The patient with cyanosis may not have hypoxia
C、All patients of hypoxia have cyanosis
D、Cyanosis appears when the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood is more than 5g/dl
7、About of hypoxia tolerance, which of the following is right?
A、Urethane group < Coramine group < Normal saline group
B、Coramine group < Normal saline group < Urethane group
C、Urethane group< Normal saline group < Coramine group
D、Normal saline group < Coramine group < Urethane group
8、The most common hemic hypoxia clinically caused by
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、Methemoglobinemia
D、Hemoglobin disease
9、About the experiment of Carbon monoxide poisoning, which of the following is right?
A、pour methanoic acid into the tube firstly
B、drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the tube firstly
C、keep the door and windows close
D、The skin and mucosa is pale
10、About Nitrite poisoning, which of the following is false?
A、The oxygen capacity of blood decreases
B、O2 combined by Hb is difficult to release
C、High affinity of Hb for O2
D、The skin and mucosa are brown
11、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Ischemic Hypoxia Stage？
A、precapillary resistance more than postcapillary resistance
B、Arteriovenous shunts opening
C、Many true capillary opening
D、perfusion output less than flow output
12、Which of the following is not the Character of Microcirculation in Stagnant Hypoxia Stage？
A、vasomotor response to catecholamines increased
B、locally produced vasodilator substances increased
C、precapillary resistance less than postcapillary resistance
D、inflow more than outflow of the Microcirculation
13、What is the essentials of shock？
A、blood pressure decrease
B、Vasodilation
C、blood volume decrease
D、serious hypoperfusion in microcirculation of tissue and organs
14、Which of the following results is wrong in the rabbit hemorrhagic shock experiment？
A、Increased diastolic pressure
B、Pulse is thread
C、Increased CVP
D、Decreased pulse pressure
15、Which one is not the effective rescue measure of hemorrhagic shock？
A、Stop the bleeding
B、Blood transfusion and infusion
C、Use of vasoactive drugs
D、Correction of alkalosis
16、The main mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling dysfunction is
A、Decreased Na+ influx
B、Decreased Cl- influx
C、Decreased H+ outflow
D、Decreased K+ outflow
E、Depressed Ca2+ influx
17、Which of the following statements about compensation during cardiac insufficiency is correct?
A、Increased heart rate is an important compensation in chronic heart failure
B、When heart rate reaches 180/min, patient’s cardiac output can be increased effectively
C、Following the VEDP increase within a certain range, myocardial contractility increases
D、Myocardial contractility increases with the development of myocardial hypertrophy
E、Increased blood volume is an important compensation in acute heart failure
18、Individuals with only left heart failure would exhibit which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Hepatomegaly
B、Dyspnea
C、Ankle swelling
D、Pulmonary edema
E、Peripheral edema
19、The mechanism for acidosis causing dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling includes . (More than one answer may be correct.)
A、H+ competes with Ca2+ for binding with troponin
B、H+ combines with actin
C、Release of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced
D、Ca2+ influx is decreased
E、ATPase activity of myosin is increased
20、The dyspnea caused by left heart failure may present as .(More than one answer may be correct.)
A、Expiratory dyspnea
B、Orthopnea
C、Inspiratory dyspnea
D、Exertional dyspnea
E、Paroxysmal dyspnea